• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method of joining a thermoplastic composite material element and an element of homogeneous rigid material, said thermoplastic composite material element comprising a thermoplastic polymer and reinforcing fibers embedded inside said thermoplastic polymer, said assembly method being of the type comprising the following steps: a) treating the surface of said elements; b) the treated surfaces of said elements are applied against each other; and, c) pressing said elements towards each other to be able to join said elements to one another by their surface. In step a), anfractuosities are generated in the surface of said element made of homogeneous rigid material; and further softening said thermoplastic polymer so as to allow said softened thermoplastic polymer and the reinforcing fibers to penetrate into said crevices when said elements are pressed in step c).
    公开号:FR3042196A1
    申请号:FR1559543
    申请日:2015-10-07
    公开日:2017-04-14
    发明作者:Christophe Cornu；Richard Tomasi；Pascal Thobie
    申请人:Centre Technique des Industries Mecaniques CETIM；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Method of joining a composite element and a rigid element
    The present invention relates to a method of joining two elements of different natures.
    One envisaged field of application is that of the joining of an element made of thermoplastic composite material and of an element made of homogeneous rigid material, for example metal.
    It is known in the aeronautical industry in particular, to connect together composite material elements and metal elements. It is carried out either by mechanical elements reported such as rivets or by gluing. In the latter case, the surfaces of the elements to be applied against each other are prepared, then one or both of the surfaces are coated with an adhesive and then applied against each other and squeeze them until the polymerization of the adhesive when it is a reactive adhesive. In this way, the two elements are secured to one another by their prepared surface.
    While bonding has advantages over riveting, particularly in terms of weight and bulk, it is in some cases less efficient in terms of mechanical strength and durability of the assembly. And all the more so, in this case, that the two elements have different natures.
    In the field of the automotive industry, it is also sought to lighten the structures and thus to substitute composite material parts for metal parts. However, if the mechanical characteristics of composite material parts may be equal to that of metal materials, this is not the case of their connection which generally has lower characteristics.
    Also, a problem that arises and that aims to solve the present invention is to be able to rigidly connect and rigidly a composite material element and a homogeneous rigid material element, without this connection can degrade in time and ensuring that the mechanical strength remains continuous when moving from one element to another.
    In order to solve this problem, it is proposed a method of joining a thermoplastic composite material element and an element of homogeneous rigid material, said thermoplastic composite material element comprising a thermoplastic polymer and reinforcing fibers embedded in the interior of said thermoplastic polymer, said assembly method being of the type comprising the following steps: a) treating the surface of said elements; b) the treated surfaces of said elements are applied against each other; and, c) pressing said elements towards each other to be able to join said elements to one another by their surface. In addition, in step a) generates anfractuosities in the surface of said element made of homogeneous rigid material; and causing said thermoplastic polymer to soften so as to allow said softened thermoplastic polymer and reinforcing fibers to penetrate into said crevices when said elements are pressed in step c).
    Thus, a feature of the invention lies in the treatment of the surface of the element of homogeneous rigid material, in which anfractuosities are generated and in the implementation of the thermoplastic composite so as to cause its softening so as to be able to penetrate the polymer just as much as the fibers inside the crevices. In this way, when the thermoplastic polymer regains its hardness, the fibers and a part of the polymer are embedded inside the crevices of the rigid material. Therefore, the connection between the two elements is made more rigid, compared to the assemblies glued according to the prior art. In addition, the bond has an increased cohesion compared to the bonds obtained by the single bond, as well as increased durability.
    In addition, generating anfractuosities in the rigid material leads to increase also its specific surface and therefore to increase the contact surface that wets the softened thermoplastic polymer. This leads to increasing the bonding forces between the composite material and the rigid material.
    Also, the softening of the thermoplastic polymer can be accomplished by supplying thermal energy to the thermoplastic composite material member prior to applying it against the surface of the homogeneous rigid material, or also during the pressing step of the two elements . Thermal energy can be supplied in the first case by means of radiation. In the second case, it is easier to provide this thermal energy by induction or ultrasound.
    According to a first embodiment, said element of homogeneous rigid material is a metal element. For example, it is easy to substitute elements of thermoplastic composite material to metal elements themselves connected to other metal elements. To do this, it is necessary to treat said other metal elements by generating anfractuosities at their junctions with the thermoplastic composite material element. As will be explained in more detail in the following description, various types of methods can be implemented to achieve these anfractuosities. Cold or hot stamping, mechanical or electro-erosion machining, stamping or chemical etching are all ways to achieve this.
    According to another embodiment, said element made of homogeneous rigid material is an element made of polymer material. In such circumstances, the retained material preferably has a high melting point in comparison with that of the thermoplastic polymer of the composite material, which allows it to retain its mechanical characteristics during the step where the thermoplastic polymer is caused to soften and during pressing step. The polymeric material of the element made of homogeneous rigid material is not necessarily a thermosetting compound, but may, for example, be a polymer of the polyetheretherketone type, or PEEK, which stands for the corresponding English name "polyether ether ketone".
    Preferably, anfractuosities are generated in the surface of said element of homogeneous rigid material so as to form a plurality of pads. Thus, the softened thermoplastic polymer and the fibers it soaks are forced between the pads so that, after the polymer has regained its hardness, these fibers and this polymer embedded between the pads constitute a strong mechanical connection.
    According to a particular embodiment, anfractuosities are generated so as to form a plurality of studs each having a bulged head. The term "swollen head" means both a protruding stud head relative to the body of the stud itself, or a hook head at the top of the stud. It is then understood that the softened polymer and the fibers can be forced between the pads and under the swollen heads and that, after curing of the polymer, the mechanical connection is an attachment, more resistant.
    According to a preferred embodiment, anfractuosities distributed regularly in the surface of said element of homogeneous rigid material are generated. In this way, the bonding forces between the two elements are uniformly distributed per unit area, surfaces in contact.
    Advantageously, a plurality of crossed grooves is housed in said surface to generate said crevices. Thus, by producing two sets of grooves, a first series of parallel grooves and a second series of grooves perpendicular to the first, the pads are then shown. They are thus distributed on a regular basis.
    According to an alternative embodiment, all the grooves are V-shaped. Therefore, when two series of crossed grooves are produced, and the grooves are sufficiently close to one another, then pyramidal geometry pads are formed.
    According to another variant, the grooves are formed in U. It is then possible to obtain pads of cubic geometry. As will be explained below, it is possible from this cubic geometry of the pads, to come then treat the surface to make a swollen head to these pads, or remove the material at the base of these studs to clear a bulging head.
    In addition, the generation of crevices aims to improve the mechanical anchoring of the thermoplastic composite material element on the element made of rigid material. Also, it is also possible to perform a surface treatment to increase the surface energy, for example by grafting specific chemical functions. This can be done by doping using plasma-type technologies.
    Moreover, and according to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, energy is supplied to said element made of homogeneous rigid material to cause softening of said thermoplastic polymer. Indeed, by providing thermal energy to the homogeneous rigid material, it dissipates for example in the pads generated by the crevices, and thus the energy supply to the thermoplastic polymer is localized. Consequently, the latter deforms locally without completely softening the composite element and it is the pads that then sink into the softened polymer through the fibers. Other features and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the following description of particular embodiments of the invention, given by way of indication but not limitation, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is an enlarged schematic view in perspective of the surface of a homogeneous rigid material treated according to the invention and according to a first variant embodiment; - Figure 2 is an enlarged perspective view of the surface of a homogeneous rigid material treated according to the invention and according to a second alternative embodiment; - Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the surface of the material according to the first embodiment; - Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the surface of the rigid material treated according to a third embodiment; - Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the surface of the rigid material treated according to a fourth embodiment: and - Figure 6 is a flowchart of the joining method according to the invention. The object of the invention relates to a method of joining a thermoplastic composite material element and an element of homogeneous rigid material. The process is schematically represented through the flowchart illustrated in FIG. 6. In a first step of the process, two elements to be assembled are provided, one made of a thermoplastic composite material, the other made of a material homogeneous rigid, for example a metal.
    The thermoplastic composite is an organic matrix material made of a thermoplastic polymer and which is reinforced by fibers, for example glass fibers or carbon fibers. The fibers have a diameter of, for example, between 5 μm and 20 μm, advantageously between 5 μm and 10 μm. As for the thermoplastic polymer, by its nature, it is rigid at ambient temperature and it softens when its temperature rises sufficiently. Polyamide 6, for example, is a thermoplastic polymer whose melting point is close to 220 ° C., and which may advantageously be used in the composite according to the invention. It becomes rigid again while cooling.
    The homogeneous rigid material is for example a metal element. It can be made of steel, coated steel or stainless steel. It can also be made of aluminum or titanium, or their respective alloys. However, it is expected to implement a high-melting polymer material element as a homogeneous rigid material. For example, a polymer of the polyetheretherketone type can advantageously be used because it is not only rigid, but also its melting point is about 200 ° C. higher than that of polyamide 6 for example. Polysulfone-type materials are also suitable high-melting polymers.
    According to a second step 12 illustrated in FIG. 6, the surface of the element of homogeneous rigid material is treated in such a way as to be able to make anfractuosities thereon. This type of treatment is otherwise referred to as texturing.
    FIG. 1 illustrates a surface portion 14 of an element made of metallic material, in which two series of perpendicular grooves 16, 18 have been formed forming anfractuosities 15, and making out substantially cubic and more generally parallelepipedic studs 20. The grooves of the first series 16 are substantially parallel and equidistant as are the grooves of the second series 18.
    For example, as shown in cross-section in FIG. 3, U-grooves with a depth P of between 100 μm and 500 μm are produced on the surface portion 14. The width L of the grooves is for example between 150 μm and 200 μm, while they are spaced from each other by a distance D, for example 500 μm. It will be observed that the fiber diameter of the composite material, for example between 5 μm and 10 μm, is very small compared to the size of the crevices 15.
    These grooves can advantageously be made with laser type techniques or cold, by stamping, punching, graining or even guilloche. Chemical or electrochemical etching techniques are also suitable for producing such grooves. Electroerosion techniques are also likely to be implemented in order to obtain more complex topographies.
    FIG. 2 illustrates another mode of treatment of another surface portion 22 of a metal material element for which two other series of crossed grooves 24, 26 are relatively wide and sufficiently close to one another to show, not more rods but rods 28. Also, the height of the rods 28 may for example be between 100 pm and 500 pm while they are spaced from each other by a distance between 150 pm and 200 pm.
    According to yet another method of treating yet another surface portion 30, as shown in FIG. 4, two series of adjacent V-shaped grooves 32 are produced, the two series of grooves being perpendicular. In this way, we obtain pyramidal anfractuosities 34 showing pyramidal pads 36. These crossed grooves are obtained mainly by cold treatment methods.
    Their depth may also be between 100 μm and 500 μm, while the apex of the pyramidal pads 36 are spaced from each other by a distance of between 150 μm and 700 μm.
    According to a last mode of treatment of a last portion of surface 38, shown in FIG. 5, anfractuosities are produced so as to form bulged-head studs 40 and more precisely studs having a hook-shaped head. Mechanical cold treatments of the last surface portion 38 make it possible to obtain such pads 40. For example, their height is close to 500 μm, while they are spaced apart by a distance of, for example, between 400 μm and 600 μm. .
    Referring again to Figure 6, to describe in more detail the method of joining the two elements of the invention. Thus, after the treatment of the surface of the element of homogeneous rigid material according to step 12, two embodiments can be implemented.
    According to a first variant, and according to a first first substep 40, thermal energy is supplied to a surface portion of the thermoplastic composite material element, for example by infrared radiation. The amount of heat energy supplied must be sufficient to cause the softening of the thermoplastic polymer. Then, in a second first substep 42, pressing against each other, the surface of the element of homogeneous rigid material having anfractuosities and the surface portion of the softened composite material element. They are pressed together with efforts determined so as to cause the softened thermoplastic polymer and the fibers of the composite material within the crevices. It will be observed that the pressing force takes into account the viscosity of the softened thermoplastic polymer.
    After the two elements have been pressed against each other and held in a fixed position relative to each other, the two assembled elements are cooled in a cooling step 44 so that the thermoplastic polymer become rigid again. In this way, in a final step 46, the two elements are secured to one another.
    In this way, the fibers of the composite material element which extend inside said element, extend inside the crevices of the element made of rigid material and are trapped there by wedging at the interior of the crevices through the cooled thermoplastic polymer. Therefore, although different in nature, the two elements are integral with each other and together form a single piece, without discontinuity of mechanical strength.
    According to a second variant, and in accordance with a first second substep 48, a surface portion of the element made of homogeneous rigid material having crevices and a portion is firstly pressed against one another. surface of the composite material element. Then, according to a second second sub-step 50, thermal energy is provided to the element of homogeneous rigid material having the anfractuosities, for example by ultrasound or by induction. It will be observed that the supply of thermal energy by induction could be suitable for a homogeneous rigid polymer-type material, if it were for example loaded with carbon fibers.
    In this way, the thermal energy is dissipated by conduction via the pads of the rigid material resulting from the formation of crevices. Thus, the pads are energy directors for focusing the thermal energy directly on the surface portion of the composite element which will then be able to soften. Consequently, thanks to the pressing, as the thermoplastic polymer softens, it is inserted with the fibers inside the crevices of the element made of rigid material. In addition, it also provides a closer contact with the pads of the rigid material member and hence a better adhesion of the thermoplastic polymer and the metal.
    In addition, a small portion of thermoplastic polymer composite material is softened, so that the composite element retains its shape during the pressing operation which is thereby more effective.
    After the two elements have been pressed and heated to be held against each other in position, just like the first variant, the two elements assembled in the cooling step 44 are cooled so that the thermoplastic polymer become rigid again. In the same way, in a final step 46, the two elements integral with one another are obtained. With regard to the treatment of the element of homogeneous rigid material, the various topographies illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 5 all have a specific surface area increased with respect to the untreated surface. In itself, this specific surface makes it possible to offer a greater contact surface with the thermoplastic polymer of the composite element.
    However, the thermoplastic polymer has more or less large adhesive properties depending on the types of polymer. Therefore, when the polymer is less adhesive, it implements, preferably, an element having pads 40 as shown in Figure 5, which have swollen heads. In such circumstances, it is understood that the reinforcing fibers of the composite material will be intertwined between the hook-forming studs. In this way, the adhesion of the polymer may be enhanced by a better adhesion of the fibers kept continuous. Therefore, despite the low adhesion of the polymer to a metal surface, a high bond strength will be obtained between the two elements.
    When the thermoplastic polymer of the composite material is by nature strongly adherent, it is possible to generate pyramidal type fractures as illustrated in FIG. 4, easier to achieve than the previous ones, in order to be able to associate the composite element and the metallic element. with good adhesion.
    As for the type of anfractuosities made according to Figures 1 to 3, thanks to cross grooves in U, they allow to associate with the rigid element, a composite material where the thermoplastic polymer does not need to be softened until the glass transition temperature. Indeed, with a low input of thermal energy, and a large pressing force, the geometry of the crevices allows to force the fibers and the thermoplastic polymer inside.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1. A method of joining a thermoplastic composite material element and an element made of a homogeneous rigid material, said thermoplastic composite material element comprising a thermoplastic polymer and reinforcing fibers embedded inside said thermoplastic polymer, said method of assembly being of the type comprising the following steps: a) treating the surface of said elements; b) the treated surfaces of said elements are applied against each other; and c) pressing said elements towards each other so as to be able to join said elements to one another by their surface; characterized in that in step a) generates anfractuosities in the surface of said element of homogeneous rigid material; and in that said thermoplastic polymer is further softened so that said softened thermoplastic polymer and the reinforcing fibers can penetrate into said crevices when said elements are pressed in step c).
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2. Method of joining according to claim 1, characterized in that said element of homogeneous rigid material is a metal element.
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. The method of joining according to claim 1, characterized in that said element of homogeneous rigid material is an element made of polymeric material.
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. A method of joining according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that generates anfractuosities in the surface of said element of homogeneous rigid material so as to form a plurality of pads.
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5. Method of joining according to claim 4, characterized in that generates anfractuosités so as to form a plurality of studs each having a swollen head.
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6. Method of joining according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that generates anfractuosities regularly distributed in the surface of said element of homogeneous rigid material.
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    7. Method of joining according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a plurality of cross grooves in said surface to generate said anfractuosities.
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8. A method of joining according to claim 7, characterized in that household said grooves in V.
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9. The method of joining according to claim 7, characterized in that said U grooves are cleaned.
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    10. A method of joining according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that provides energy to said element of homogeneous rigid material to cause the softening of said thermoplastic polymer.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    FR3042196B1|2019-04-19|
    WO2017060646A1|2017-04-13|
    引用文献:
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    US20050042456A1|2003-08-22|2005-02-24|Frank Krause|Method of connecting shaped parts made of plastics material and metal|
    US7802799B1|2006-09-18|2010-09-28|The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration|Method of joining metallic and composite components|
    EP2832526A1|2012-03-29|2015-02-04|Teijin Limited|Method for manufacturing joint member, and joint member|
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    WO2014125999A1|2013-02-12|2014-08-21|ポリプラスチックス株式会社|Grooved resin molded part|
    WO2015146767A1|2014-03-25|2015-10-01|ポリプラスチックス株式会社|Composite molded article and method for manufacturing same|CN109317813A|2018-12-07|2019-02-12|上海骄成机电设备有限公司|A kind of wave welding head of ultrasonic wave|
    GB2564753B|2017-05-18|2020-06-24|Bae Systems Plc|Fastenerless structural assembly|
    IT201800021358A1|2018-12-28|2020-06-28|Nextema S R L|METHOD FOR FIXING COMPONENTS, JOINT AND RELATIVE COUPLED BODY|
    DE102019106284A1|2019-03-12|2020-09-17|HELLA GmbH & Co. KGaA|Method for producing a joint between a structural component made of a plastic and a metal component|
    法律状态:
    2016-09-09| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2017-04-14| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20170414 |
    2017-09-19| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2018-10-12| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2019-10-16| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2020-09-18| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    2021-10-06| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1559543|2015-10-07|
    FR1559543A|FR3042196B1|2015-10-07|2015-10-07|METHOD FOR SOLIDARIZING A COMPOSITE ELEMENT AND A RIGID ELEMENT|FR1559543A| FR3042196B1|2015-10-07|2015-10-07|METHOD FOR SOLIDARIZING A COMPOSITE ELEMENT AND A RIGID ELEMENT|
    PCT/FR2016/052594| WO2017060646A1|2015-10-07|2016-10-07|Method for securing a composite element with a rigid element|
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